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What is the name of the bacteria which exhibits the characteristic pigment red?

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1. If you are talking about staining bacteria, then the answer would be gram-negative (e-coli is one example). here is a good website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative good luck.
2. There are a number of organisms that are red in color and are classified as bacteria. Multiple strains of the ubiquitous gram negative bacillus Serratia marcescens produce the red pigment Prodigiosin, giving the organism an orange to red hue in most culture media. There are also red species of cyanobacteria and halophillic archaebacteria.